Milling method, relative to the feed direction of the workpiece and the rotation direction of the milling cutter there are two ways: up-milling and up-milling.
The first type is down milling, the direction of rotation of the milling cutter and the feed direction of the cutting are the same, and the milling cutter bites the workpiece and cuts the last chip at the beginning of the cutting.
The second is inverse milling, the direction of rotation of the milling cutter and the feed direction of the cutting are opposite, the milling cutter must slip a section on the workpiece before starting to cut, starting with zero cutting thickness, and reaching the maximum cutting thickness at the end of the cutting.
In a three-edge mill, some end milling or face milling, the cutting force has different directions. When milling, the milling cutter is just on the outside of the workpiece, and the direction of the cutting force should be paid special attention. In up-milling, the cutting force pushes the workpiece toward the table, and in up-milling, the cutting force pushes the workpiece away from the table.
Due to the best cutting effect of down-milling, down-milling is usually preferred, only when the machine has a thread clearance problem or a problem that can not be solved by down-milling, it is considered to reverse milling.
Ideally, the diameter of the cutter should be larger than the width of the workpiece, and the axis line of the cutter should always be slightly away from the centerline of the workpiece. When the tool is placed directly against the cutting center, it is easy to produce burrs. The direction of the radial cutting force will change when the cutting edge enters the cutting and exits the cutting, the machine spindle may vibrate and be damaged, the blade may shatter and the machining surface will be very rough, the milling cutter is slightly off-center, the direction of the cutting force will no longer fluctuate – the milling cutter will obtain a preload. We can compare center milling to driving in the center of the road.
Each time the cutter blade enters the cutting, the cutting edge is subjected to impact loads, and the size of the load depends on the cross section of the chip, the workpiece material and the type of cutting. When cutting in and out, whether the cutting edge and the workpiece can be correctly occluding is an important direction.

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